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| The Principality of Monaco or Monaco (born Principauté de Monaco) - ministate, located in southern Europe on the Mediterranean coast, on land borders with France. It is one of the smallest and most densely populated countries in the world. The average person would need only 56 minutes to go through the whole country. Name of the country comes from the Greek "monoikos" - "hermit". The Principality is widely known through the casino in Monte Carlo and phase of the championship held here in Formula 1 - Grand Prix of Monaco. The country is a member of international organizations such as: UN (1993), OSCE, Council of Europe (since 2004), Interpol, UNESCO, WHO. The main office of the International Hydrographic Organization, located in Monaco. Monaco has 10 diplomatic missions in Western Europe and the Permanent Representatives to the UN and Council of Europe. In 106 cities in 45 countries are honorary consulate of Monaco. 66 countries have consulates general, consulates and honorary consulates in Monako Monaco is located in southern Europe on the Mediterranean coast near the French Riviera, 20 km north-east of Nice. On land, the principality bordered by France, the department of Alpes-Maritimes (Alpes-Maritimes). The country area is 2.02 km ² (which is almost half the area of Central Park in New York). The coastline - 4,1 km, the length of land borders - 4,4 km. Over the past 20 years, the territory of the country increased by almost 40 hectares by draining marine areas The history of modern Monaco begins in 1215 with a base on the territory of the Republic of Genoa Duchy of the colony and the construction of the fortress. January 8, 1267 during the civil war in Genoa, Monaco has been busy Francois Grimaldi and his supporters. This date is considered to be the beginning of the Grimaldi dynasty, and the existence of an independent state of Monaco. Since then has been for over 700 years the principality controlled by representatives of this family. In 1789 the country was annexed by France. The Treaty of Paris (first) May 30, 1814 restored the principality to the borders that existed before January 1, 1792, under the French protectorate. After the final collapse of the empire under the Treaty of Paris (second) November 20, 1815 Monaco was transferred under the protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia. In March 1860, in gratitude for military assistance provided by the French Emperor Napoleon III to the unification of Italy, France, Kingdom of Sardinia ceded Savoy and County of Nice, Menton and Roquebrune including. July 18, 1860 Sardinia withdraw its troops from Monaco, thus putting an end to the protectorate. In 1865 it opened a casino in Monte Carlo and a customs union with France, essentially precipitated the economic development of the country. The first constitution, which limits the power of princes, was introduced in 1911. In 1993 Monaco became a full member of the UN. The wide interest aroused Monaco's wedding in 1956, the then ruler Prince Rainier III (succeeded to the throne in 1949) with Hollywood actress Grace Kelly. Rainier also launched an active construction in Monaco. March 31, 2005 Prince Rainier III, being too sick to exercise their powers, gave them to his only son and heir, Prince Albert. Rainier died on 6 April 2005. Currently ruled by the son of Rainier III - Prince Albert II, came to the throne after his father died in 2005. In Monaco, there are 10 public schools, including 7 kindergartens and primary schools and one secondary school (College of Charles III), a lyceum, which provides general and technical education (Lycée Albert I) and one High School, providing education in the field of tourism. Also in Monaco there are two private schools funded by religious communities (Institute Francois Nicolas de Assis barre and school Dominicans) and one international school (International School of Monaco) In Monaco, there is only one higher education institution - the International Institute In Monaco, there are 10 public schools, including 7 kindergartens and primary schools and one secondary school (College of Charles III), a lyceum, which provides general and technical education (Lycée Albert I) and one High School, providing education in the field of tourism. Also in Monaco there are two private schools funded by religious communities (Institute Francois Nicolas de Assis barre and school Dominicans) and one international school (International School of Monaco) In Monaco, there is only one higher education institution - the International Institute According to the 2006 population of Monaco is 35 656. The population density is 18 285 inhabitants per km ². Such a high population density due to the fact that Monaco is a dwarf state. Annual population growth rate is 0.386% per annum (2007 data) [5] The average life expectancy according to 2008 is 79.96 years. Among the population slightly dominated by women. The ratio of men to the number of women is 0.91 (according to 2004). 62% of the population belongs to the able-bodied. The literacy rate is 99%. Ethnic composition: French - 47% Monegasques - 16% Italians - 16% Other - 21%. This category includes numerous representatives of 125 nationalities. The most numerous religious group - Catholics. These include 90% of the principality. Catholicism. However, the constitution guarantees freedom of religion Monaco. In Monaco there are 5 Catholic parish churches and a cathedral, in which the Department of the Archbishop of Monaco. Diocese, which has existed since the mid nineteenth century was transformed into the Archdiocese in 1981. | |
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