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THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF UKRAINE
The Constitution outlines the structure of the national government and specifies its powers and duties. Under the Constitution the powers of the government are divided into three branches - the legislative which consists of the Verhovna Rada, the executive, headed by the President, and the judicial, which is led by the Supreme Court.
The parliament - the Verhovna Rada is the only body of the legislative power in Ukraine. There are 450 peoples deputies who are elected for a term of four years on the basis of universal, equal suffrage by the secret ballot.
THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN
Great Britain is only major country in the world, which does not have a written constitution set out in a single document. The constitution in the UK is made up of Acts of Parliament, common law and conventions which may be changed by general agreement.
The British Government sits in London. Great Britain is a limited or constitutional or parliamentary monarchy headed by Queen Elizabeth II now. The Queen acts only on the advice of her Ministers. She reigns but she doesn't rule. Parliament, which consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords, both of which arose during the Middle Ages, limit the power of the Queen. England was a first country to have a Parliament. The House of Lords is an out-of-date institution.
The House of Commons is elective and more powerful. The members of Parliament sit on both sides of the Speaker, the government on his right, the opposition on his left.
The life of Ukrainian Youth
Nowadays when our independent state Ukraine is developing, much attention is paid for our youth because we are the future of our country. In today’s Ukraine, people aged between 15 and 28 number a little less than 10 million, and their ration is dropping. Some 80 percent of the younger generation various physical malfunctions. Among the problems most actually for our
The Hermitage
I can’t say that I often go to museums. We are always in a hurry and it is very difficult to spare 2 or 3 hours to visit a local museum. But when I travel I always try to see all the museums and exhibitions that can be found in the place I am. Some month ago I was in S. Petersburg. I visited many places of interest including the Hermitage Gallery and now I want to tell you about it.
The Geographical Location of Ukraine
Ukraine is a wondrous land of spectacular scenic beauty, a land of shady woods and rolling hills, glittering lakes and deep blue seas, soaring mountains and tranquil estuaries.
Ukraine is the second largest country in Europe and the 22nd in the world community. Its territory is 603.7 thousand square kilometres. The country is situated in the South-Eastern part of Central Europe. The geographical centre of Europe is located near the little Ukrainian town of Rakhiv. Neighbouring Ukraine are the countries of Belarus, Russia, Moldova, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania. Ukraine is washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.
The country is richly endowed by nature. It is rich in iron ore, coal, natural gas, oil, salt and other mineral recourses. Ukraine has big metallurgical, machine-building, fuel and power industries. It is a producer of chemicals and agricultural raw materials.
Largest cities of Ukraine are Kiev, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk and Odessa.
Critique on the ‘Webworld’ article by Yevgen Groza
by Yevgen Groza
The Internet is becoming more and more popular. Its positive and negative aspects have been actively discussed among network users as well as in the mass media. The ‘Webworld’ essay by Kirsten Archer gives a brief and thorough overview of the latest achievements of the modern technology. The essay was written to be presented at a university challenge which was aimed to encourage critical thinking about new technologies. The fact that this article received a distinction should be a good recommendation to anyone interested in the issue. ‘Webworld’ is worth to read by either experienced web-user or a person who has never seen a computer.
Begrüdung
Ich bin schon Studentin des fünften Studienjahres. Wie alle Studenten, die die deutsche Sprache studieren, brenne ich vor Wunsch Deutschland zu besuchen. Die deutsche Sprache ist mir sehr nah geworden. Ich will diese schöne Sprache mit meinem zukünftigen Beruf verbinden. Ich möchte später als Dolmetscherin arbeiten. Es ist für mich sehr wichtig meine Sprachkentnisse zu verbessern. Deshalb bewerbe ich mich um den Kurz „Hinführung zum freien Gespräch: Übersetzungen.“
Christmas traditions
Christmas
From old English Cristes maesse (Christ's Mass), older still, Yule, from the Germanic root geol. In some languages:
English: Christmas, Yule, Noel
German: Weihnachten
Finnish: Joulu
Swedish: Jul
Italian: Il Natale
Spanish: La Natividad
French: Noel
The traditional Christmas is not a single day but a prolonged period, normally from 24th December to 6th January. This included the New Year, thus increasing the festival value of Christmas.
Magi
From old Persian language, a priest of Zarathustra (Zoroaster). The Bible gives us the direction, East and the legend states that the wise men were from Persia (Iran) - Balthasar, Melchior, Caspar - thus being priests of Zarathustra religion, the mages. Obviously the pilgrimage had some religious significance for these men, otherwise they would not have taken the trouble and risk of travelling so far. But what was it? An astrological phenomenon, the Star? This is just about all we know about it.
Christmas card
Нові слова. Їх творення і функціонування в сучасній англійській мові (Частина 2)
2. Лексичні одиниці, які означають типи мов ЕВМ, наприклад:
BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) – “Бейсік”, Fortran (Formula Translation) – “Фортран” та ін.
3. Лексичні одиниці, які означають поняття пов’язані з роботою на комп’ютерах, наприклад:
Liveware – спеціалісти, які працюють з комп’ютерами
computerman – спеціаліст по ЕВМ
to trouble-shoot – знищити частину даних в пам’яті комп’ютера та ін.
В англомовних країнах комп’ютеризація поширюється в різних сферах життя, в тому числі і в побуті. Велика кількість неологізмів, які пов’язані з використанням комп’ютерів в побуті, утворюються за допомогою скорочення форми tele-, наприклад:
telepost – місце в будинку, де знаходиться комп’ютер
to telework, to telekommute – працювати вдома, маючи комп’ютерний зв’язок з виробництвом
telebanking – фінансова служба, яка дозволяє клієнту проводити банківські операції через домашній комп’ютер
teleshopping – замовлення покупок по телефону (тут мається на увазі комп’ютерна фіксація витрат і зв’язок з банком.)
Використовуються й інші типи лексичних одиниць, наприклад:
dial-a-taxi – замовлення таксі по телефону
dial-a-meal – замовлення обіду по телефону (в цих двох випадках, так як і в попередніх, передбачається комп’ютерний зв’язок з відповідним центром) та ін.
Комп’ютеризація використовується в різних галузях науки і техніки, що призвело до появи великої кількості термінологічних неологізмів. Наприклад, в сфері лінгвістики:
machine translation – машинний переклад
interlingual – штучна мова для машинного перекладу на кілька мов biometric locks – біометричні замки
computerized cards – карточки з біометричним обладнанням, яке дозволяє відкривати двері, сейф і т. п.
finger print-scanner – біометричне обладнання, яке розпізнає відбитки пальців) тобто комп’ютер “впізнає” відбитки пальців того, кому можна відкривати двері, сейф і т.п.)
Ukrainian-British relationship
There is no denying the fact that not so long ago Ukraine had very weak connections with other countries in the world. But at present the situation has changed for the better. Ukraine establishes new relations with the countries throughout the world. Ukraine is one of the members of the United Nations Organisation and participates in the work of many international organisations.
Ukraine has wide relations with English-speaking countries such as Great Britain, the United States of America and Canada.